2010/08/30

低碳,Low Carbon,多么时尚又環保的词啊!

Low Carbon, Low Carbon, how stylish and green words!
Barack Obama on emission reduction commitments in the domestic autonomy, do not accept the “three can be (measurable, reportable and verifiable)”, and unwarranted charges; 

New situation and future opportunities for low-carbon economic times, everyone — for their own energy systems to replace the road map towards a favorable schedule. 

In order to get rid of dependence on oil, nuclear power as one of the new energy, the globalization is an old industrial power leads between a “palace calculating.”
To break the nuclear deadlock, Obama in February this year the full vigor to provide 80 billion dollars announced two new nuclear power plant, which is nearly 30 years, the United States launched the first new nuclear power projects. 

Obama made it very directly: “In addition to nuclear power in Japan and France veteran strong abroad, China, Korea and India is also a great movement in the nuclear field, the United States can not invest in the new issue of energy to make mistakes, or will eventually be forced from abroad import-related technology. ”
French President Nicolas Sarkozy slightly different concern: Last year, the French nuclear power in South Korea fierce price offenses, lost to the mouth of fat — United Arab Emirates worth 8 billion U.S. dollars of the four reactors contract. France hard to start re-integration in the domestic nuclear power industry entrenched interests, also began in the upstream force, and attempt to change the play. 

At the same time, currently the world’s largest nuclear power projects under construction in China in order to have the United States, France and most advanced nuclear power technology itself known. “Nuclear power engineering is in fact a game, involving political, economic, military, cultural, diplomatic and other issues.” An official from China Guangdong Nuclear clear that, as independent brands, China Guangdong Nuclear CPR1000 cost of nuclear power technology about more than 1600 U.S. dollars per kilowatt. Taishan nuclear power plant is to take the French EPR technology, “the signing ceremony between China and France was very solemn.” However, the French EPR technology costs are much higher, about 2500 U.S. dollars per kilowatt. “From a longer-term contract with the French point of view, we will join hands together with France, should be standard, after all, China is a great advantage in human resources management.” 

Maneuvers, we can see that the laws of low-carbon core of the game: Who is the first to master the high-end technology? Who can in the new round of economic revolution in the master discourse initiative. 

In 1820 the first industrial revolution early stage of development, China is at the peak of agricultural and social development. At this point China’s share of world GDP accounted for nearly 1 / 3, reaching 32.9%
Britain’s GDP is only about 15.81% in China. In 1870, the United Kingdom has basically completed the first industrial revolution, and its rapid increase in the proportion of total world GDP to 9.1%, China fell to 17.2%.
, The world has entered a second industrial revolution, the United States began to rise rapidly. 1870, U.S. GDP is equivalent to about half of China; to 1950, the U.S. has the equivalent of 6 times in China.
In 1950, the proportion of China’s share of world GDP fell to a record low, only 4.5%. 

Power industry, “Happy Valley enclosure” type of development has not work, the state will no longer be easily approved by the local, or power plants, “rushing” to increase the generator-type requirements, in particular the coal and electricity generators. 

Hold the new energy and engine technology Europe and the United States and Japan are development of electric vehicles, to lead the world in the development of new energy vehicles
“Low carbon”: lighting to use energy-saving lamps, water heaters use solar energy, air-conditioning to 28 ℃ below, go to bike or walk, buy a car best electric car … … 

New energy development: hydropower installed capacity of solar water heaters use the scale, the scale construction of nuclear power, wind power generators
The core of the battery is still mainly rely on imports. New energy vehicles battery over 80% of the core components to be imported. These include the core components of the battery components in positive and battery separator. When the battery is “an end”, the recovery and use is another major problem. From the severity of the pollution point of view, the current lithium although a number of environmental protection than the nickel-cadmium batteries, but there are many hidden dangers, including, lithium in contact with water may be prone to fire or explosion. 

Electric cars use energy — electricity. As a senior energy, nearly 70% of its electricity production depends on the burning of coal, even if all electricity doing we are still there, “emission reduction, but not energy-saving” phenomenon.
“Low-carbon economy,” one of the marker — Electric Vehicles
Clear who sounded the alarm, the developed countries desperately advocating low-carbon economy is to levy a “carbon tariff”, the implementation of international trade “carbon barrier” pave the way
Urgent task of energy saving, low-carbon economy has emerged as a related mode of production, lifestyle, values and national interests of the global revolution, countries will want to grasp the opportunities this revolution.
Low-carbon economy to seize the opportunity to promote economic restructuring, is a crucial strategic choice. Corner overtaking, this is the biggest opportunity. Low-carbon revolution than as a “fourth industrial revolution”, a voluntary emission reduction countries “Panda standard”, low-carbon.
Low-carbon economy is a broad road, but the same way in the mad rush here have developed, in order ahead of yourself. 

Shanghai World Expo is a vivid example of environmental protection, low-carbon, energy saving, green garden, known all over the world’s advanced low-carbon technology — when nearly 400 hectares of World Expo in bright night, this most energy-saving lamps from Osram; beautiful people may forget to look over the China Pavilion, designs from the Chinese Academy of Engineering He Jingtang, the entire exhibition hall of the “inner core”, using the Siemens provides a comprehensive set of integrated energy solution, especially intelligent building technology, efficient distribution systems, lighting equipment, and environmental protection to achieve the full goal of reducing energy consumption … …
Siemens (China) Co., Ltd. President Hausmann Before leaving, he plans to Yangcheng Evening News: Siemens and Shanghai World Expo will be related to the total contract value of more than 1 billion euros (8.5 billion yuan or so), widely used in more than 40 World Expo site projects, of which 90% of environmentally friendly products and related solutions! 

“First proposed the concept of low-carbon economy is the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom implemented a three-step strategy: first, the low end of all get rid of highly polluting industries and transfer to developing countries; the second step, using a few decades the development of low concentrated carbon technologies; the third step, the legal international trade in low-carbon technologies. ”
Low-carbon economy will lead to a low carbon, represented by new technology, new standards and the emergence of patents, the first to develop and acquire the relevant technology, the state will become the new leader, leaders and even monopoly, other countries will face new technical barriers.
Promote a low carbon economy in developed countries aim is to introduce “carbon tariff”, the implementation of international trade “carbon barrier” pave the way: “In the year before the United States respond to climate change at the G8 forum, the United Kingdom and other developed countries signed a declaration of the global have a low carbon economy, which means that in future international trade, as the criterion is ‘carbon’, that is, the product’s ‘carbon footprint’ to determine a product into the international trade market. By that time, the country produced high-carbon products, or have lacked carbon tariffs, or difficult to enter the international market. ”
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Apple, Tesco, Wal-Mart and other European giants, have asked their suppliers to establish corporate inventories of greenhouse gas emissions (carbon inventory), or required to complete a specific product life cycle carbon footprint analysis and carbon label affixed. “In the absence of development of enterprise product life cycle carbon inventory and carbon footprint of the relevant standards and methodologies, and no release of carbon label, the company provides services for enterprises, are using foreign standards (eg ISO14064, PAS2050, etc.) and labels ( Carbon Credit Fund, such as the UK’s carbon label, etc.). ”
In carbon emissions industry experts, the application of standards and labels are facing a large degree of lack of acclimatization.
We see that laid down the emission reduction targets by 2020
The United States proposed that the 2050 target, that time, the proponent will not be president Obama has long had.
Developed and developing countries, regardless of whoever picked up, would seize the high ground
If only the money and technology involved, then this “low-carbon Running Out of Time” will be simply a lot. Of course, this can not be!
Carbon, November 25, 2009 evening, the White House announced that the U.S. Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the commitment to greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 in 2005, based on the reduction of 17%.

低碳,Low Carbon,多么时尚而绿色的词汇!
美国总统奥巴马对在国内自主减排承诺方面,不接受“三可(可测量、可报告、可核查)”,而横加指责;
未来低碳经济时代的新形势和新机遇,———大家都在为自己更换能源系统的路线图,争取有利的时间表。
为了摆脱对石油的依赖,作为新能源之一的核电,其全球化发展更是引出了老牌工业强国之间的一场“宫心计”。
为了打破核电僵局,奥巴马今年2月魄力十足地宣布提供80亿美元资金新建两个核电机组,这是近30年来美国首次启动新的核电项目。奥巴马说得很直 接:“除日本和法国等老牌核电强国外,中国、韩国和印度在核电领域动作也很大,美国不能在新能源投资问题上犯错误,否则最终将被迫从国外进口相关技术。”
法国总统萨科齐的担忧略有不同:去年,法国核电在韩国凌厉的价格攻势下,丢掉了到嘴的肥肉———阿联酋价值80亿美元的4座反应堆合同。法国痛定思痛,不但在国内开始重新整合利益盘根错节的核电工业,也开始在上游发力,企图改变打法。
与此同时,目前世界上最多在建核电项目的中国,以拥有美国、法国以及自身最先进的核电技术著称。“核电工程其实就是一场大国博弈,涉及到政治、经 济、军事、文化、外交等各方面的问题。”中广核一位负责人明确认为,作为自主品牌,中广核的核电技术CPR1000成本大约为每千瓦1600多美元.台山 核电站是采取了法国的EPR技术,“当时中法两国签约仪式极为隆重”。但是,法国的EPR技术成本要高很多,大约每千瓦2500美元。“跟法国签约从更长 远的角度来看,我们将会跟法国一起联手应标,毕竟中国在人力资源管理上大有优势。”
纵横捭阖,可以看到的是,低碳游戏的核心规律:谁最先掌握了高端技术?谁便能在新一轮的经济革命中掌握话语主导权。
在1820年第一次工业革命发展初期,中国正处于农业社会发展的巅峰。此时中国GDP占全世界的比重将近1/3,达到了32.9%
英国的 GDP只相当于中国的15.81%。1870年,英国基本完成了第一次工业革命,它的GDP占世界比重快速上升到了9.1%,中国下降到了 17.2%。
之后,世界进入了第二次工业革命,美国开始迅速崛起。1870年美国的GDP相当于中国的一半左右;到了1950年,美国已经相当于中国的6倍。
1950年,中国GDP占世界的比重降至历史最低点,仅为4.5%。
电力行业中“跑马圈地”式的发展已经行不通,国家不再轻易批准地方,或者发电企业“抢滩”式地增加发电机组的要求,尤其是煤电发电机组。
握有新能源和发动机技术的欧美及日本都发展电动汽车,要领先世界发展新能源汽车
“低碳”:照明要用节能灯,热水器要用太阳能,空调要28℃以下,出门要骑自行车或者步行,买车最好买电动汽车……
新能源发展:水电装机,太阳能热水器利用规模,核电在建规模,风电装机
电池的核心部分,依然主要依靠进口。新能源汽车动力电池的核心部件80%以上需要进口。其中包括电池部件中核心部件的正极和电池隔膜。当电池“寿终 正寝”后,回收和利用又是另一大难题。从污染的轻重来看,目前锂电池虽然比镍镉电池环保一些,但存在很多隐患,包括,锂电池遇水容易发生燃烧或爆炸的可 能。
电动汽车需要消耗能源———电。作为高级能源,将近70%的电力生产要依靠燃烧煤炭,算下来即使全部用电,仍然存在着“减排,但不节能”的现象。
“低碳经济”的标志物之一———电动汽车
清醒者敲响警钟,发达国家拚命鼓吹低碳经济,是为开征“碳关税”、实施国际贸易“碳壁垒”做铺垫
节能减排的任务迫在眉睫,低碳经济应运而生,作为一场涉及生产模式、生活方式、价值观念和国家权益的全球性革命,各国都希望在这场革命中掌握先机。
抓住低碳经济发展的机遇推动经济结构的转型,是一次至关重要的战略选择。弯道超车,这是最大的机会。低碳革命比作是“第四次工业革命”,各国自愿减排“熊猫标准”,低碳之路。
低碳经济是一条康庄大道,但是,同样在这里一路狂奔的有发达国家,为了让自己始终领先。
上海世博园是一个鲜活的例子,以环保、低碳、节能、绿色著称的园子里,遍布着世界上先进的低碳技术———当近400公顷的世博园里夜景璀璨时,这大 多来自欧司朗节能灯;漂亮得让人过目不忘的中国馆,外观设计来自中国工程院院士何镜堂,这整座展馆的“内芯”使用的,是西门子提供的一套全面整合的节能解 决方案,尤其是智能楼宇技术、高效配电设备以及环保照明系统等,以达到全方位减少能耗的目标……
西门子(中国)有限公司总裁郝睿强在离职之前,心满意足地向羊城晚报记者:西门子获得与上海世博会相关的合同总价值超过10亿欧元(人民币85亿元左右),广泛应用于世博园区的40多个项目中,其中90%为环保产品以及相关解决方案!
“最早提出低碳经济概念的是英国,英国实行了三步走战略:第一步,把低端的高污染产业全部甩掉,转给发展中国家;第二步,用几十年时间潜心发展低碳技术;第三步,把低碳技术国际贸易法制化。”
低碳经济的发展将导致以低碳为代表的新技术、新标准及相关专利的出现,最先开发并掌握相关技术的国家将成为新的领先者、主导者乃至垄断者,其他国家将面临新的技术壁垒。
目前发达国家倡导低碳经济的目的,是为开征“碳关税”、实施国际贸易“碳壁垒”做铺垫:“在前年美国举行的G8气候变化应对论坛上,英国等发达国家 共同签署声明提出全球都要发展低碳经济,这意味着在未来国际贸易中,作为准绳的是‘碳’,即通过产品的‘碳足迹’决定一个产品能否进入国际贸易市场。到时 候,各国家所生产的高碳产品,要么被征收高额碳关税,要么很难进入国际市场。”
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苹果、乐购、沃尔玛等欧美巨头,纷纷要求他们的供应商建立企业温室气体排放清单(碳盘查),或者要求完成特定产品的生命周期碳足迹分析并贴上碳标 签。“由于没有制定企业碳盘查和产品生命周期碳足迹的相关标准和方法学,也没有推出碳标签,公司为企业所提供的服务,都是用国外的标准(如 ISO14064,PAS2050等)和标签(如英国碳信用基金的碳标签等)。”
从事碳排放行业的专家,标准和标签的适用,都面临很大程度的水土不服。
我们看到,定下来的是2020年减排目标
美国提议的是2050年目标,到那时候,提议者奥巴马早就不会再是总统了。
发达国家与发展中国家,无论谁先抡起,都会抢占高地
如果仅仅涉及金钱和技术,那么这场“低碳暗战”会单纯很多。当然,这不可能!
低碳,2009年11月25日晚间,白宫宣布,美国将在哥本哈根气候变化大会上,承诺2020年温室气体排放量在2005年的基础上减少17%。
低碳,Low Carbon,多麼時尚而綠色的詞彙!
美國總統奧巴馬對在國內自主減排承諾方面,不接受“三可(可測量、可報告、可核查)”,而橫加指責;
未來低碳經濟時代的新形勢和新機遇,———大家都在為自己更換能源系統的路線圖,爭取有利的時間表。
為了擺脫對石油的依賴,作為新能源之一的核電,其全球化發展更是引出了老牌工業強國之間的一場“宮心計”。
為了打破核電僵局,奧巴馬今年2月魄力十足地宣布提供80億美元資金新建兩個核電機組,這是近30年來美國首次啟動新的核電項目。奧巴馬說得很直 接:“除日本和法國等老牌核電強國外,中國、韓國和印度在核電領域動作也很大,美國不能在新能源投資問題上犯錯誤,否則最終將被迫從國外進口相關技術。”
法國總統薩科齊的擔憂略有不同:去年,法國核電在韓國凌厲的價格攻勢下,丟掉了到嘴的肥肉———阿聯酋價值80億美元的4座反應堆合同。法國痛定思痛,不但在國內開始重新整合利益盤根錯節的核電工業,也開始在上游發力,企圖改變打法。
與此同時,目前世界上最多在建核電項目的中國,以擁有美國、法國以及自身最先進的核電技術著稱。 “核電工程其實就是一場大國博弈,涉及到政治、經濟、軍事、文化、外交等各方面的問題。”中廣核一位負責人明確認為,作為自主品牌,中廣核的核電技術 CPR1000成本大約為每千瓦1600多美元.台山核電站是採取了法國的EPR技術,“當時中法兩國簽約儀式極為隆重”。但是,法國的EPR技術成本要 高很多,大約每千瓦2500美元。 “跟法國簽約從更長遠的角度來看,我們將會跟法國一起聯手應標,畢竟中國在人力資源管理上大有優勢。”
縱橫捭闔,可以看到的是,低碳遊戲的核心規律:誰最先掌握了高端技術?誰便能在新一輪的經濟革命中掌握話語主導權。
在1820年第一次工業革命發展初期,中國正處於農業社會發展的巔峰。此時中國GDP佔全世界的比重將近1/3,達到了32.9%
英國的 GDP只相當於中國的15.81%。 1870年,英國基本完成了第一次工業革命,它的GDP佔世界比重快速上升到了9.1%,中國下降到了17.2%。
之後,世界進入了第二次工業革命,美國開始迅速崛起。 1870年美國的GDP相當於中國的一半左右;到了1950年,美國已經相當於中國的6倍。
1950年,中國GDP佔世界的比重降至歷史最低點,僅為4.5%。
電力行業中“跑馬圈地”式的發展已經行不通,國家不再輕易批准地方,或者發電企業“搶灘”式地增加發電機組的要求,尤其是煤電發電機組。
握有新能源和發動機技術的歐美及日本都發展電動汽車,要領先世界發展新能源汽車
“低碳”:照明要用節能燈,熱水器要用太陽能,空調要28℃以下,出門要騎自行車或者步行,買車最好買電動汽車……
新能源發展:水電裝機,太陽能熱水器利用規模,核電在建規模,風電裝機
電池的核心部分,依然主要依靠進口。新能源汽車動力電池的核心部件80%以上需要進口。其中包括電池部件中核心部件的正極和電池隔膜。當電池“壽終 正寢”後,回收和利用又是另一大難題。從污染的輕重來看,目前鋰電池雖然比鎳鎘電池環保一些,但存在很多隱患,包括,鋰電池遇水容易發生燃燒或爆炸的可 能。
電動汽車需要消耗能源———電。作為高級能源,將近70%的電力生產要依靠燃燒煤炭,算下來即使全部用電,仍然存在著“減排,但不節能”的現象。
“低碳經濟”的標誌物之一———電動汽車
清醒者敲響警鐘,發達國家拚命鼓吹低碳經濟,是為開徵“碳關稅”、實施國際貿易“碳壁壘”做鋪墊
節能減排的任務迫在眉睫,低碳經濟應運而生,作為一場涉及生產模式、生活方式、價值觀念和國家權益的全球性革命,各國都希望在這場革命中掌握先機。
抓住低碳經濟發展的機遇推動經濟結構的轉型,是一次至關重要的戰略選擇。彎道超車,這是最大的機會。低碳革命比作是“第四次工業革命”,各國自願減排“熊貓標準”,低碳之路。
低碳經濟是一條康莊大道,但是,同樣在這裡一路狂奔的有發達國家,為了讓自己始終領先。
上海世博園是一個鮮活的例子,以環保、低碳、節能、綠色著稱的園子裡,遍布著世界上先進的低碳技術———當近400公頃的世博園裡夜景璀璨時,這大 多來自歐司朗節能燈;漂亮得讓人過目不忘的中國館,外觀設計來自中國工程院院士何鏡堂,這整座展館的“內芯”使用的,是西門子提供的一套全面整合的節能解 決方案,尤其是智能樓宇技術、高效配電設備以及環保照明系統等,以達到全方位減少能耗的目標……
西門子(中國)有限公司總裁郝睿強在離職之前,心滿意足地向羊城晚報記者:西門子獲得與上海世博會相關的合同總價值超過10億歐元(人民幣85億元左右),廣泛應用於世博園區的40多個項目中,其中90%為環保產品以及相關解決方案!
“最早提出低碳經濟概念的是英國,英國實行了三步走戰略:第一步,把低端的高污染產業全部甩掉,轉給發展中國家;第二步,用幾十年時間潛心發展低碳技術;第三步,把低碳技術國際貿易法制化。” 

低碳經濟的發展將導致以低碳為代表的新技術、新標準及相關專利的出現,最先開發並掌握相關技術的國家將成為新的領先者、主導者乃至壟斷者,其他國家將面臨新的技術壁壘。
目前發達國家倡導低碳經濟的目的,是為開徵“碳關稅”、實施國際貿易“碳壁壘”做鋪墊:“在前年美國舉行的G8氣候變化應對論壇上,英國等發達國家 共同簽署聲明提出全球都要發展低碳經濟,這意味著在未來國際貿易中,作為準繩的是’碳’,即通過產品的’碳足跡’決定一個產品能否進入國際貿易市場。到時 候,各國家所生產的高碳產品,要么被徵收高額碳關稅,要么很難進入國際市場。”

蘋果、樂購、沃爾瑪等歐美巨頭,紛紛要求他們的供應商建立企業溫室氣體排放清單(碳盤查),或者要求完成特定產品的生命週期碳足跡分析並貼上碳標 籤。 “由於沒有製定企業碳盤查和產品生命週期碳足蹟的相關標準和方法學,也沒有推出碳標籤,公司為企業所提供的服務,都是用國外的標準(如 ISO14064,PAS2050等)和標籤(如英國碳信用基金的碳標籤等)。”
從事碳排放行業的專家,標準和標籤的適用,都面臨很大程度的水土不服。
我們看到,定下來的是2020年減排目標
美國提議的是2050年目標,到那時候,提議者奧巴馬早就不會再是總統了。
發達國家與發展中國家,無論誰先掄起,都會搶占高地
如果僅僅涉及金錢和技術,那麼這場“低碳暗戰”會單純很多。當然,這不可能!
低碳,2009年11月25日晚間,白宮宣布,美國將在哥本哈根氣候變化大會上,承諾2020年溫室氣體排放量在2005年的基礎上減少17%。

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